Modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED como ferramenta para diagnósticos social e epidemiológico de trabalhadores da saúde com COVID-19 / PRECEDE-PROCEED model as a tool for social and epidemiological diagnoses of health workers with COVID-19 / Modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED como herramienta para el diagnóstico social y epidemiológico de los trabajadores de la salud con COVID-19

Objetivo: evidenciar os diagnósticos social e epidemiológico de trabalhadores da saúde atuantes na pandemia e acometidos por COVID-19, aplicando modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED. Métodos: estudo documental, quantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo, desenvolvido a partir do modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED, que norteia intervenções, partindo do diagnóstico faseado para implementar ações. Dados obtidos em 215 prontuários de trabalhadores com COVID-19, atendidos no serviço ocupacional hospitalar em Macapá, entre 2020 e 2021. Resultados: diagnóstico social: mulheres (81,9%), pardas/pretas (79%), idade entre 40/55 anos (53,4%), técnicas de enfermagem (40%), da nefrologia (10,2%), vínculo estadual/federal (91,6%) superior a 10 anos (60,4%). Diagnóstico Epidemiológico: cefaleia (53,5%), tosse (51,6%), febre (47,9%). Teste rápido (76,3%), atendimento ambulatorial (90,2%), afastamento de 8 a 14 dias (45,1%), 100% curados, sequelas em 12,6%. Sem diferença significativa quanto ao afastamento por função exercida. Dispneia, dor torácica e sequelas da doença tem maior chance de afastamento. Conclusão: a aplicação do modelo possibilita planejar ações de conscientização/prevenção sobre risco, adoecimento, acidente laboral e cuidados à saúde dos trabalhadores.

Objective: to highlight the social and epidemiological diagnoses of health workers working in the pandemic and affected by COVID-19, applying the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Methods: documentary, quantitative, observational, retrospective study, developed based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, which guides interventions, starting from phased diagnosis to implement actions. Data obtained from 215 medical records of workers with COVID-19, treated at the hospital occupational service in Macapá, between 2020 and 2021. Results: social diagnosis: women (81.9%), brown/black (79%), aged between 40/ 55 years old (53.4%), nursing technicians (40%), nephrology (10.2%), state/federal employment (91.6%) for more than 10 years (60.4%). Epidemiological Diagnosis: headache (53.5%), cough (51.6%), fever (47.9%). Rapid test (76.3%), outpatient care (90.2%), sick leave of 8 to 14 days (45.1%), 100% cured, sequelae in 12.6%. No significant difference in terms of leave by function performed. Dyspnea, chest pain and sequelae of the disease have a greater chance of sick leave. Conclusion: the application of the model makes it possible to plan awareness/prevention actions regarding risk, illness, occupational accidents and workers' health care.

Objetivo: visibilizar los diagnósticos social y epidemiológico de los trabajadores de la salud que trabajan en la pandemia y afectados por el COVID-19, aplicando el modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED. Métodos: estudio documental, cuantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo, desarrollado con base en el modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED, que orienta las intervenciones, a partir del diagnóstico por fases para implementar de acciones. Los datos se obtuvieron de 215 historias clínicas de trabajadores con COVID-19, atendidos en el servicio ocupacional hospitalario de Macapá, entre 2020 y 2021. Resultados: diagnóstico social: mujeres (81,9%), morenas/negras (79%), edades entre 40/ 55 años (53,4%), técnicos en enfermería (40%), del área de nefrología (10,2%), empleo estatal/federal (91,6%) con más de 10 años (60,4%). Diagnóstico Epidemiológico: dolor de cabeza (53,5%), tos (51,6%), fiebre (47,9%). Prueba rápida (76,3%), atención ambulatoria (90,2%), baja laboral de 8 a 14 días (45,1%), 100% curados, secuelas en un 12,6%. No hay diferencia significativa en términos de licencias por función desempeñada. La disnea, el dolor torácico y las secuelas de la enfermedad tienen mayor probabilidad de ocasionar la baja laboral. Conclusiones: la aplicación del modelo permite planificar acciones de concienciación/prevención en cuanto al riesgo, enfermedades, accidentes laborales y atención de la salud de los trabajadores.

An IoT-Based System for Monitoring the Health of Guyed Towers in Overhead Power Lines.

The collapse of overhead power line guyed towers is one of the leading causes of power grid failures, subjecting electricity companies to pay considerable, high-value fines. In this way, the current work proposes a novel and complete framework for the remote monitoring of mechanical stresses in guyed towers. The framework method comprises a mesh network for data forwarding and neural networks to improve the performance of Low-Power and Lossy Networks. The method also considers the use of multiple sensors in the sensor fusion technique. As a result, the risk of collapse of guyed cable towers reduces, due to the remote monitoring and preventive actions promoted by the framework. Furthermore, the proposed method uses multiple input variable fusions, such as accelerometers and tension sensors, to estimate the tower's displacement. These estimations help address the structural health of the tower against failures (i.e., loosening of the stay cables, displacement, and vibrations) that can cause catastrophic events, such as tower collapse or even cable rupture.

Sum-Rate Channel Capacity for Line-of-Sight Models.

This work considers a base station equipped with an M-antenna uniform linear array and L users under line-of-sight conditions. As a result, one can derive an exact series expansion necessary to calculate the mean sum-rate channel capacity. This scenario leads to a mathematical problem where the joint probability density function (JPDF) of the eigenvalues of a Vandermonde matrix WWH are necessary, where W is the channel matrix. However, differently from the channel Rayleigh distributed, this joint PDF is not known in the literature. To circumvent this problem, we employ Taylor's series expansion and present a result where the moments of mn are computed. To calculate this quantity, we resort to the integer partition theory and present an exact expression for mn. Furthermore, we also find an upper bound for the mean sum-rate capacity through Jensen's inequality. All the results were validated by Monte Carlo numerical simulation.

Capacity Bounds for Dense Massive MIMO in a Line-of-Sight Propagation Environment.

The use of large-scale antenna arrays grants considerable benefits in energy and spectral efficiency to wireless systems due to spatial resolution and array gain techniques. By assuming a dominant line-of-sight environment in a massive multiple-input multiple-output scenario, we derive analytical expressions for the sum-capacity. Then, we show that convenient simplifications on the sum-capacity expressions are possible when working at low and high signal-to-noise ratio regimes. Furthermore, in the case of low and high signal-to-noise ratio regimes, it is demonstrated that the Gamma probability density function can approximate the probability density function of the instantaneous channel sum-capacity as the number of served devices and base station antennas grows, respectively. A second important demonstration presented in this work is that a Gamma probability density function can also be used to approximate the probability density function of the summation of the channel's singular values as the number of devices increases. Finally, it is important to highlight that the presented framework is useful for a massive number of Internet of Things devices as we show that the transmit power of each device can be made inversely proportional to the number of base station antennas.

Bit Error Rate Closed-Form Expressions for LoRa Systems under Nakagami and Rice Fading Channels.

We derive exact closed-form expressions for Long Range (LoRa) bit error probability and diversity order for channels subject to Nakagami-m, Rayleigh and Rician fading. Analytical expressions are compared with numerical results, showing the accuracy of our proposed exact expressions. In the limiting case of the Nakagami and Rice parameters, our bit error probability expressions specialize into the non-fading case.

White Environment Can Be Used as an Aversive Stimulus in Zebrafish Inhibitory Avoidance Learning.

The two-factor theory predicts that the acquisition of avoidance responses is dependent on fear reduction; as such, drugs that reduce or increase fear or anxiety states should alter inhibitory avoidance (IA) acquisition. The present experiment used white spaces as aversive unconditioned stimuli in IA in zebrafish. Adult zebrafishes were tested in three experiments: validation of white compartment as aversive in IA; open field test; and effect of antidepressant (fluoxetine, imipramine) and anxiolytic (diazepam, clonazepam). The data show the effectiveness of the white compartment as an aversive stimulus in IA. Antidepressant fluoxetine did not alter and imipramine impairs avoidance acquisition in higher doses. Imipramine also produced a sedative effect in lower doses. Anxiolytic and stimulant drugs facilitated learning at doses which did not impair locomotion, suggesting that pharmacological manipulation of other factors in addition to fear/anxiety can impact aversive learning in zebrafish.

Trend in the incidence of commuting accidents among workers in Brazil between 2009 and 2016.

BACKGROUND: Commuting accidents might have serious consequences for the health of workers, in addition to considerable financial impacts on the national health system and the social security administration. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological profile and calculate the incidence of commuting accidents in Brazil in the period from 2009 to 2016. METHODS: Retrospective and descriptive study with time series analysis (2009-2016) based on official secondary data obtained from Social Security Statistical Yearbooks. Information on the economically active population was retrieved from the National Household Sample Survey. Annual incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 economically active population. Simple temporal linear regression analysis was performed with software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The significance level was set to p<0.05. RESULTS: The epidemiological profile of workers involved in commuting accidents corresponded to men, aged 20 to 29 and with leg/ankle fractures, which represented 24.78% of the total population of involved workers. The incidence of commuting accidents increased from 88.17 to 105.88 in the analyzed period, which represents an variation rate of 20.08% (R2=0.715; p=0.008). CONCLUSION: The detected rise in the incidence and number of commuting accidents point to the need for the government to formulate prevention plans targeting high-risk groups.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os acidentes de trajeto ocorrem no percurso do domicílio até o local de trabalho e vice-versa. Esse tipo de acidente de trabalho pode resultar em grave desordem à saúde do trabalhador e, em grande quantidade, impactar financeiramente o Sistema Único de Saúde e a Previdência Social Brasileira (PSB). OBJETIVOS: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico e estimar a incidência dos acidentes de trajeto em trabalhadores no Brasil entre 2009 e 2016. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo descritivo, com análises de séries temporais (2009-2016), baseado em dados secundários e oficiais extraídos dos Anuários Estatísticos da Previdência Social. As informações de População Economicamente Ativa foram retiradas da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios. As incidências anuais foram calculadas para cada 100 mil pessoas economicamente ativas, independentemente de sexo, de idade e de contribuição para a PSB. Utilizou-se o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) para realizar testes de regressão linear simples temporal, considerando significância de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: O perfil epidemiológico do trabalhador acometido foi de homem entre 20 e 29 anos com fratura de perna e/ou tornozelo, que representou 24,73% do total de trabalhadores acometidos. No período, a incidência dos acidentes de trajeto aumentou de 88,17 para 105,88, o que resultou em taxa de variação de 20,08% (R2=0,715; p=0,008). CONCLUSÃO: O crescimento da incidência e do número de acidentes demonstra grande necessidade de elaboração de planos governamentais de prevenção, que devem ser direcionados aos principais grupos de risco.

Resource Partitioning between Two Piranhas (Serrasalmus gibbus and Serrasalmus rhombeus) in an Amazonian Reservoir.

The exploitation of resources by closely related species with similar niches may be mediated by differences in activity patterns, which may vary in nycthemeral scale and seasonal scale. Piranhas Serrasalmus gibbus and Serrasalmus rhombeus are Neotropical predators that occur sympatrically in many environments of the Amazon basin. To evaluate the strategies adopted by these two species in a restricted environment (a reservoir), nycthemeral and seasonal samples were made, identifying the composition of the diet and their activity patterns. A total of 402 specimens were collected: 341 S. gibbus and 61 S. rhombeus. Both species fed themselves primarily on fish, with some seasonal variation being found in S. gibbus during the flood season, when plant material was consumed. There was considerable temporal overlap in the foraging behavior of the two species, although S. rhombeus presented a bimodal pattern of abundance over the 24-hour cycle. S. rhombeus was more active during the nighttime, between dusk and early morning, whereas S. gibbus was active throughout the nycthemeral cycle. These findings indicate low levels of competition between the two species, which allowed for a considerable overlap in nighttime foraging, following distinct nycthemeral patterns of foraging activity and allowing their coexistence.

Immediate effects of the semi-occluded vocal tract exercise with LaxVox® tube in singers. / Efeitos imediatos do exercício de trato vocal semiocluído com Tubo LaxVox® em cantores.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the immediate effects of the semi-occluded vocal tract exercise (SOVTE) using the LaxVox® tube in singers. METHODS: Participants were 23 singers, classical singing students, aged 18 to 47 years (mean age = 27.2 years). First, data was collected through the application of a demographic questionnaire and the recording of sustained emission - vowel /ε/, counting 1-10, and a music section from the participants' current repertoire. After that, the participants were instructed and performed the SOVTE using the LaxVox® tube for three minutes. Finally, the same vocal samples were collected immediately after SOVTE performance and the singers responded to a questionnaire on their perception regarding vocal changes after the exercise. The vocal samples were analyzed by referees (speech-language pathologists and singing teachers) and by means of acoustic analysis. RESULTS: Most of the singers reported improved voice post-exercise in both tasks - speech and singing. Regarding the perceptual assessment (sustained vowel, speech, and singing), the referees found no difference between pre- and post-exercise emissions. The acoustic analysis of the sustained vowel showed increased Fundamental Frequency (F0) and reduction of the Glottal to Noise Excitation (GNE) ratio post-exercise. CONCLUSION: The semi-occluded vocal tract exercise with LaxVox® tube promotes immediate positive effects on the self-assessment and acoustic analysis of voice in professional singers without vocal complains. No immediate significant changes were observed with respect to auditory-perceptual evaluation of speech and singing.

Efeitos imediatos do exercício de trato vocal semiocluído com Tubo LaxVox® em cantores / Immediate effects of the semi-occluded vocal tract exercise with LaxVox® tube in singers

RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos imediatos do exercício de trato vocal semiocluído (ETVSO) com tubo LaxVox® em cantores. Método Participaram 23 cantores, estudantes de canto lírico, com idades entre 18 e 47 anos (média de 27,2 anos). Inicialmente, a coleta de dados envolveu a aplicação de um questionário contendo os dados de identificação e a gravação da vogal “ε”, contagem de números de um a dez e trecho de música do repertório atual. Na sequência, os participantes receberam orientações e realizaram o ETVSO com tubo LaxVox® por três minutos. Finalmente, as mesmas amostras vocais foram coletadas imediatamente após a execução e os cantores responderam a um questionário sobre sua autopercepção em relação às possíveis modificações vocais geradas pelo exercício. As amostras vocais foram analisadas por juízes fonoaudiólogos e professores de canto e por meio de análise acústica. Resultados A maior parte dos cantores referiu melhor emissão pós-exercício, tanto na fala quanto no canto. Na opinião dos juízes, não houve diferenças entre emissões pré e pós-exercício nas provas da avaliação perceptivo-auditiva (emissão sustentada, fala e canto). A análise acústica da vogal indicou aumento da Frequência Fundamental (F0) e redução da Proporção Glottal to Noise Excitation (GNE) pós-exercício. Conclusão O exercício de trato vocal semiocluído com tubo LaxVox® promove efeitos imediatos positivos quanto à autoavaliação e análise acústica da voz do cantor profissional sem queixas. Quanto à avaliação perceptivo-auditiva da fala e do canto, parece não haver modificações imediatas significativas.

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the immediate effects of the semi-occluded vocal tract exercise (SOVTE) using the LaxVox® tube in singers. Methods Participants were 23 singers, classical singing students, aged 18 to 47 years (mean age = 27.2 years). First, data was collected through the application of a demographic questionnaire and the recording of sustained emission - vowel /ε/, counting 1-10, and a music section from the participants’ current repertoire. After that, the participants were instructed and performed the SOVTE using the LaxVox® tube for three minutes. Finally, the same vocal samples were collected immediately after SOVTE performance and the singers responded to a questionnaire on their perception regarding vocal changes after the exercise. The vocal samples were analyzed by referees (speech-language pathologists and singing teachers) and by means of acoustic analysis. Results Most of the singers reported improved voice post-exercise in both tasks - speech and singing. Regarding the perceptual assessment (sustained vowel, speech, and singing), the referees found no difference between pre- and post-exercise emissions. The acoustic analysis of the sustained vowel showed increased Fundamental Frequency (F0) and reduction of the Glottal to Noise Excitation (GNE) ratio post-exercise. Conclusion The semi-occluded vocal tract exercise with LaxVox® tube promotes immediate positive effects on the self-assessment and acoustic analysis of voice in professional singers without vocal complains. No immediate significant changes were observed with respect to auditory-perceptual evaluation of speech and singing.

Zika: abordagem clínica na atenção básica [curso completo]

Livro elaborado com o caráter autoinstrucional para capacitação dos profissionais de saúde no que tange o conhecimento sobre a temática do Zika vírus para poderem utilizar dentro de suas possibilidades e disseminar os conhecimentos para a população, além de construir parcerias com todos os equipamentos sociais para atuarem no sentido de proteger a saúde de todos. O livro é um compendio do curso Zika: Abordagem clínica na atenção básica de iniciativa da UNA-SUS, Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Secretaria de Gestão do Trabalho e da Saúde (SGTES), Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde (SAS), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS) e Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). Está dividido em quatro unidades sendo a primeira voltada para os aspectos epidemiológicos, promoção à saúde e prevenção de infecção pelo vírus Zika no que preconiza a distribuição da doença no mundo e no país; características do vírus, tropismo do vírus; modo de transmissão, período de incubação, fisiopatologia, tipo de imunidade; população de risco; conceitos básicos sobre notificação e investigação epidemiológica; meios de proteção individual e coletiva; combate ao mosquito (uso de repelentes, telas, vestimentas, eliminação de criadouros, outros); estratégias de comunicação e mobilização comunitária; educação permanente da equipe. A unidade dois trata sobre o quadro clínico e abordagem a pessoas infectadas com vírus Zika, diagnósticos diferenciais (Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika); exames laboratoriais; apoio telessaúde; tratamento da população geral com suspeita ou confirmação de infecção pelo vírus Zika; planejamento reprodutivo (população-alvo: mulheres e homens adultos e adolescentes); diagnóstico precoce de gravidez e captação para acompanhamento pré-natal; busca ativa de gestantes faltantes ao pré-natal; protocolo de rotina para seguimento da gestante na atenção básica com suporte de equipe multiprofissional. A unidade três preconiza os cuidados com as gestantes com suspeita ou confirmação de infecção pelo vírus Zika e do recém-nascido com microcefalia, seguimento da gestante com exantema na gestação (sorologia para TORCHS - toxoplasmose, rubéola, citomegalovírus, herpes vírus e sífilis), sorologia para dengue e chikungunya, PCR realizado até o 5º dia (ZIKA); diagnóstico de microcefalia no recém-nascido (aferição de perímetro cefálico, investigação laboratorial e de imagem); apoio ao aleitamento materno nos casos de suspeita ou confirmação de infecção pelo vírus Zika; apoio psicossocial à puérpera e seus pares com recém-nascido com microcefalia; comunicação de notícias difíceis; avaliação neurológica da criança; triagem neonatal (teste do pezinho, orelhinha e olhinho); indicações para estimulação precoce; acompanhamento de recém-nascidos e crianças com microcefalia (puericultura, registros na caderneta de saúde da criança, vacinação, entre outros). Na unidade quatro é abordada a questão da vigilância da infecção pelo vírus Zika e suas complicações, a notificação compulsória; os instrumentos específicos de notificação de suspeita e confirmação; vigilância de complicações decorrentes da infecção pelo vírus Zika e a atuação do profissional sentinela na identificação dessas complicações.

Effects of the number of subjects on the dark/light preference of Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

This research aims to describe the effects of a variable number of Danio rerio fish subjects, ranging from one to eight, in the light/dark box preference test. Four hundred eighty adult male short-finned phenotype zebrafish were tested in the light/dark box. There were four groups in this experiment and a different number of subjects was used in each group: the control group had only one subject, whereas the experimental groups had either two, four, or eight subjects simultaneously inside the apparatus in every session. The average occurrence (AO) of subjects in the white side of the aquarium and the first choice average (FC) were recorded. The AO revealed no difference between the control group and test groups with two and four subjects. The results for the test group with eight subjects showed significant difference when compared to the control group and from the test group with two subjects. The FC also showed no difference between the control group and test groups with two and four subjects. There was significant variation between the control and the test group with eight subjects. The results reflect a conflict between the animal's preference for dark places and the innate drive to explore new environments. Zebrafish are highly social animals, exhibiting preference for swimming in groups and other patterns of social cohesion. The reduced white avoidance behavior in the test group of eight subjects may possibly reflect the role of shoaling, which is a defensive behavior, in reducing anxiety and stress. On the other hand, the absence of difference between the control group and test groups with two and four subjects suggest that it is feasible to run the light/dark test with up to four subjects, becoming an alternative to streamline and simplify data collection and test analysis.

A trajetória soropositiva de Herbert Daniel (1989-1992) / The trajectory of seropositive Herbert Daniel (1989-1992)

O principal objetivo da dissertação é analisar a experiência soropositiva de Herbert Daniel (1946-1992), importante militante político que atuou em prol dos direitos daqueles que se tornavam pacientes de AIDS no Brasil. Tendo como recorte temporal específico os anos entre 1989 e 1992, anos em que Daniel conviveu com o vírus HIV – embora, a fim de podermos contextualizar o objeto de pesquisa, montamos uma história da AIDS entre 1983, época dos primeiros casos da doença no Brasil, e 1996, quando começou a ser distribuída a terapia tríplice no país – buscamos mostrar que este indivíduo interagiu com as concepções dominantes sobre aquela enfermidade e sobre quem dela adoecia, ao passo que o advento da soropositividade marcou continuidades e rupturas em sua trajetória social. (AU)

Sarcoma de mama: relato de caso / Breast sarcoma: case report

O sarcoma primário de mama é um tumor raro, cujo aspecto clínico predominante é uma massa indolor e móvel, de crescimento rápido e difuso, com tamanho médio de 5 cm, incidente em uma média de idade de 60 anos. O diagnóstico é trabalhoso, sendo determinado pelo exame histopatológico. Nesta publicação é relatado o caso de uma paciente de 27 anos, que procurou o ambulatório de mastologia com “nódulo dolorido” na axila direita, notado no final da gestação, com ultrassonografia mamária mostrando volumosa massa sólida, com áreas císticas de permeio (com visualização de vegetação intracística), ocupando quadrante superior lateral (QSL) da mama direita (BI-RADS® 5). A paciente foi submetida à excisão ampla da lesão e o resultado histopatológico foi tumor filóide maligno, com formação sarcomatosa, do tipo sarcoma pleomórfico de alto grau e lipossarcoma de alto grau, medindo14,0x9,0x6,0 cm com margens livres, a menor medindo 1,0 mm. Complementando o tratamento,encaminhou-se para radioterapia adjuvante. São discutidos aspectos relacionados à frequência da ocorrência do sarcoma de mama, às dificuldades diagnósticas, ao prognóstico e às abordagens terapêuticas.

Primary sarcoma of breast is a rare tumor. Its clinical predominant aspect is a movable and painless mass, with quick and diffuse growth, reaching a middle size of 5 cm and happening on an average of age of 60 years. The diagnostic is difficult, determined by histopathology. This publication reports a 27 years old patient’s case, who looked for medical care because of a painful nodule in the right armpit, realized in the end of the gestation. She carried an ultrasound showing bulky solid mass, with cystic areas (with visualization of intracystic vegetation), occupying superior side quadrant (SSQ) of the right breast (BI-RADS® 5). The patient was submitted to a spacious excision of the injury. The histopathology resulted in a malignant phyllodes tumor, with sarcomatous formation and pleomorphic sarcoma type of high degree, measuring 14.0x9.0x6.0 cm, with free edges, the least one measuring 1.0 mm. To complement the treatment, the patient was directed to adjuvant radiotherapy. Incidence, diagnostic difficulty, prognosis and treatment of breast sarcoma will be discussed.

Avaliação vocal e cervicoescapular em militares instrumentistas de sopro / Vocal and cervicoscapular evaluation in military wind instrumentalists

OBJETIVO: Este estudo transversal e prospectivo objetivou avaliar qualidade vocal, respiração e região cervicoescapular em instrumentistas de sopro integrantes da Banda Musical do Exército. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 42 sujeitos do gênero masculino, militares, com idades entre 20 e 45 anos, divididos em: Grupo Experimental, com 30 instrumentistas de sopro, e Grupo Controle, com 12 instrumentistas de percussão. Todos passaram por entrevista; avaliação vocal - registro da voz e análise perceptivo-auditiva com uso da escala GRBASI; avaliação do tipo respiratório; avaliação fisioterapêutica da região cervicoescapular - inspeção visual dos perfis anterior, lateral e posterior, palpação dos músculos trapézio fibras-superiores, esternocleidomastoídeos, escalenos e base de occipital; e testes de mobilidade cervical e de encurtamentos musculares. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre Grupo Experimental e Controle quanto à presença de queixas vocais; os sujeitos do Grupo Experimental apresentaram mais sintomas laríngeos e relataram mais dor em músculo trapézio e região cervical quando comparados aos sujeitos do Controle. Os sujeitos do Grupo Experimental apresentaram maior alteração nos parâmetros vocais tensão e instabilidade do que os sujeitos do Grupo Controle. Constatou-se maior incidência da respiração costodiafragmático-abdominal no Grupo Experimental. Não houve diferença entre os grupos estudados quanto à postura, encurtamentos musculares e mobilidade cervical; porém o Grupo Experimental apresentou mais dor à palpação em músculo trapézio - fibras superiores. CONCLUSÃO: Os militares instrumentistas de sopro apresentaram alterações vocais e da musculatura cervicoescapular e necessitam de ações de promoção à saúde vocal e postural.

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional prospective study had the aim to evaluate vocal quality, breathing and the cervicoscapular region in wind instrumentalists of the Army Band. METHODS: Forty-two male military subjects with ages ranging from 20 to 45 years were divided into: Experimental Group, with 30 wind instrumentalists, and Control Group, with 12 percussionists. All subjects underwent an interview, vocal evaluation - voice record and auditory-perceptual analysis using the GRBASI scale, respiratory type evaluation, physical therapy evaluation of the cervicoscapular region - visual examination of anterior, lateral and posterior profiles, palpation of the trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, scalene and base of occipital muscles, and cervical mobility and muscle shortenings tests. RESULTS: No difference was found between Experimental and Control groups regarding the presence of vocal complaints; subjects from the Experimental Group had more laryngeal symptoms and reported more pain in the trapezius muscle and the cervical region, when compared to control subjects. They also had greater alterations in vocal tension and instability parameters than subjects from the Control Group. There was a higher incidence of costodiaphragmatic-abdominal breathing among the Experimental Group subjects. There was no difference between the groups regarding posture, muscle shortenings, and cervical mobility; however, the Experimental Group presented more pain during the palpation of the trapezius muscle. CONCLUSION: The military wind instrumentalists presented vocal and cervicoscapular alterations, and require actions to promote vocal and postural health.

Scototaxis as anxiety-like behavior in fish.

The scototaxis (dark/light preference) protocol is a behavioral model for fish that is being validated to assess the antianxiety effects of pharmacological agents and the behavioral effects of toxic substances, and to investigate the (epi)genetic bases of anxiety-related behavior. Briefly, a fish is placed in a central compartment of a half-black, half-white tank; following habituation, the fish is allowed to explore the tank for 15 min; the number and duration of entries in each compartment (white or black) are recorded by the observer for the whole session. Zebrafish, goldfish, guppies and tilapias (all species that are important in behavioral neurosciences and neuroethology) have been shown to demonstrate a marked preference for the dark compartment. An increase in white compartment activity (duration and/or entries) should reflect antianxiety behavior, whereas an increase in dark compartment activity should reflect anxiety-promoting behavior. When individual animals are exposed to the apparatus on only one occasion, results can be obtained in 20 min per fish.

The introduction of the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay in a groundwater monitoring program.

The objective of this study was to verify the possible inclusion of the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay in a groundwater monitoring program as a complementary assay to assess water quality. Groundwater samples belonging to seven wells from different types of aquifers were analyzed. Three different methods for sample preparation were used: membrane filtration; liquid-liquid and XAD-4 extraction. The filtered samples were tested using TA98, TA100, YG1041 and YG1042 and the water extracts only with TA98 and TA100. No mutagenic activity was observed in any of the 16 filtered samples tested. Out of the 10 samples analyzed using XAD-4 extraction, five showed mutagenic activity with potency ranging from 130 to 1500 revertants/L. Concerning the liquid-liquid extraction, from the 11 samples analyzed, 3 showed mutagenicity. The XAD-4 extraction was the most suitable sample preparation. TA98 without S9 was found to be the most sensitive testing condition. The wells presenting water samples with mutagenic activity belonged to unconfined aquifers, which are more vulnerable to contamination. The data suggest that Salmonella/microsome assay can be used as an efficient screening tool to monitor groundwater for mutagenic activity.